Courtesy: Barbie Kelly, BSN, MSN, CRNA

Through strict adherence to a practical and effective management plan, people with diabetes are able to prevent or minimize the risk of many complications associated with this disease. Key components of such a plan include:

1. Monitoring Blood Sugar Levels: As discussed in Part 3, this is the basis for overseeing and adjusting treatment as necessary. In addition to testing blood sugar, part of self-monitoring includes learning to recognize the signs of hypo- and hyperglycemia and how to treat each accordingly (hypo-- low sugar, drink some OJ or eat an orange, apple, or a piece of hard candy in a pinch; hyper-- high sugar, administer additional insulin as recommended using a sliding scale).

2. Healthy Eating: A balanced diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, and healthy fats, is essential for managing blood sugar levels adequately. Paying attention to carbohydrate intake, as well as, understanding the glycemic index of foods (the value that measures how much a specific food increases blood sugar) can help with meal planning that focuses on maintaining stable blood sugar as the primary goal. Foods with a low glycemic index (GI) prevent rapid spikes in blood sugar. In addition, portion control (meaning smaller, more frequent meals) can also help stabilize blood sugar levels.

3. Physical Activity: Regular exercise helps the body use insulin more efficiently, lowers blood sugar levels, and contributes to maintaining a healthy bodyweight. At least 2-3 hours of moderate-intensity aerobic activity (i.e. walking, cycling, swimming) per week, along with strength training exercises, is recommended.

4. Medication and Insulin Therapy: Depending on the type and severity of diabetes, oral medication or insulin therapy may be necessary. It's vitally important for individuals to strictly adhere to their prescribed treatment regimens.

** Illness or stress can trigger hyperglycemia. This is the result of hormones your body makes to fight illness or stress that can also cause blood sugar levels to rise. Extra medication for treating diabetes may be necessary to keep blood glucose under control during times of illness or stress.

5. Regular Medical Check-Ups: Routine visits to healthcare providers for blood sugar monitoring, eye exams, and screenings for potential complications are critical. Early detection and management of complications can prevent progression to more serious health issues.

6. Education and Support: It’s impossible to manage diabetes effectively without understanding the disease, its complications, and the importance of lifestyle modifications as part of treatment and management. Diabetes education programs provide valuable information, emotional support, and practical tips and advice that help individuals take control of their health.

Individuals with diabetes can absolutely lead healthy and active lives by following a practical and proactive individualized management plan. The key is 100% commitment to the plan!

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